Germany, Luftwaffe. A Radio Operator Badge By F.w. Assmann & Söhne GTRexclude WWI Imperial Iron Cross 2nd

WWI Imperial Iron Cross 2nd class

Paulus surrendered to Soviet forces in Stalingrad on 31 January 1943

the ribbons soiled

having endured the Gestapo

Germany, Luftwaffe. A Radio Operator Badge By F.w. Assmann & Söhne GTRexclude WWI Imperial Iron Cross 2nd(Bordfunkerabzeichen). Constructed of nickel silver, the obverse consisting of an oval laurel and oak leaf wreath, with a mobile swastika at the bottom, overlaid by a swooping Luftwaffe eagle clutching dual lightning bolts, the reverse with a barrel hinge and vertical pinback meeting a round wire catch, with two visible rivets holding the obverse eagle in place, unmarked but with the physical characteristics of manufacture by F. W. Assmann & Shne,